Production of graphite.



' 35 finder i h influanoe of crtglin oxii '35 jz cji iafiilize thenon-carbon oo siiiggeigg YJZE'XTED i imw E1:

a Pafimt. Fauanim 2:311. 20, 1906.

whom it may concern.-

AGHEBON, a citizen of the United States, residing in Stamford townshi inthe county 5 of Weiiand, Provmoe of Mario, Canada have invented certainnew and usofui 1mprovoinents in the Production ofGraphito, of which thefoliowizig is a SQflfiififihiilil:

7m graphite from oarhonaoeous maeriai&sueh as mineral coal, (19kg,peLroieum-ooko, and the likethe objeot of the invention V izogpow'de amemo whereby ogrbonaoeous material may be eonverted into a so??? 2 5smooth, unctuous, and non-coaiesoiag gap ita suitable forlubrication,eieotrotyping, for use as a sto've-poiish, and for otherpurposes.

It is well understood in iihe art that the 1 term graphite inciudes anumber of fi ie m 01IesgsharpIy-digtingaiahahla varieties diffaring ia'their physiesi characteristics and in ohemicai Vrosgaeots as, oninstance fifiw i r yesismc is; oxidation. All of said vaxfifi, hmvevfiggossess the property 'of hfietofore, described :sevorai sleigh frebyoafbon may be transformer? ifiio 7 n Thus in my prior patent-{Ea gamedSeptember 29, 1896, I" 7 fi iosed a method wherein graphite W g :5 byelectrioafiy subjecting & earhid ig 'mefature sufficiently is} kiwi 5Hifiifgamte the combined carbon it fihg iozm graphite. The ,ggjogi is WETQQZQ SOfi 212d uniizioafi out Erossess 'fihkhafaoteristio of eoai soifiginto 48: masgie'izfidef pissure, this propfiri y ramifiifig it unadapiedfor use a hzhri aiit, a stove-poiish, or f0; eioctrotyping.

Aosorifig to my prior patenii', iii? ,fifi, I} glemied January 1?, 18%artioiis of graph its are Produced by forming the amigos 1 from amlxturo of carbon and oag'biihfnnning material and than subjecting themto 3 ion!- perature suffioienfly high to form am? Ehn decompose acarbid. As specifically degi soxihefi in said patent, a, comparativelyveg,

i h A Y action involving the progrsssivo fol- 1 Be 1%; Known that 1,EDWARD GOGBRIQE and decomposition ofa S-fil'biti. The articles. formedin googgiianoe with this method Wifi produoe aa QEhiYig mark on paper;ha?) are, oomiartiveiy speaking, hard gg'aphlie smd not of the soft andominous character now contompiote;

33 iho gzlethod described in my prior frkifi gfifl H5385, granied hisroh1900, graphiigj paused by heating a canbonaoeous maex'iai oohta i njnginherent ogrbidJoi'mingijiigufgiii 1 351d SPQGifiGB-Hf, by 'haatingigoowl, the peculiar charaowriii ifiii pfofiuct obtained being at;trihutfeio the sahstaiiiiall uniform istrihutirpof ihaimyorities. 'Iheaphite prego o method is usua 1y COIQPEZE- iiely hgri hut well uited forsuch gig: poses os giryhfitgzy fillers, pigments, 3111i tho 53 {551"556mg ingtanoos, howowar 9 soul eomainifig & rsiafiiv'ely smallproportmg: of 5 as has hegu'fomid to yield a soft and 1112- moo V V tothe niethod'desoribod in my ggint '23 0. 211,031, gmnte Gstohs: V 1%; iifig graphiteof a more or Iie sl loiuous 8o 7 gii fif {o -made. bycausing vapors aia g 'gjmaterial to out ugonr agrt i nat a aj iilgf; irogis reamed and the vapor 0 the 291} reacts, upon the associatedcarbon, eongo i7 yeifing i; into a moro or less soft graphite.

It is not $sihk= by this method to commerciaBy oroduo soft unctuousproduct now contemplated as a continual loss of the sipated beforothefiesired effect is produced.

and nnotuoos whiehwifipot ooai under pressure may 'hs piofiueed' byheatmg smai peroentagewoicarhhi-formiag momma was used, and theobgervd'efiectoi sixth 1min percentage in converting mush iargnr prconiages of carbon was attributed to on metallio vapor ooczzrs; ago it isentirely dis- 5; W V

in an electric ace gr ohaarge comprising, to? 77 {his matenal suoh asbeginning registered seventy-nine volts and material and to combine withthe base thereot with formation of a cal-hid.

(hie specilic exam )le of my process is follows: An electric t uruacchaving a length of eighteen feet between terminal electrodes wasprovided with a start ing-core consisting of a graphite rod smeu-eighth's of an inch in diameter. The active zone eighteen inches indiameter surrounding this core was filled with a mixture of carbonaceousmaterial and earlnil-forming oxid. The materials used in this specificinstance were anthracite coal ground to pass through a one-fourth inchmesh, mixed with sand, in the proportions of sixty-livc per cent. coaland thirty-five per cent. sand, the ash contained in the coal beingcalculated as a part of t he sand content of the mixture.ompletelysuri'oundingthcactive t zone above referred to was disposed amix ture of anthracite coal and sand in the proportion of one part ofcoal to two parts of sa ud, this mixture having a much higher electricalresistance than that in the active zone and serving as an effectiveheat-retainer. The furnace being charged in this manner, the electriccurrent was turned on and at the seventy-live kilowatts. After two hoursthe register showed two i undred and three volts and two hundredkilowatts, and after nine and a half hours showed one hundred andthirty-five vol s and eight hundred kilowatts. The register at the endof fifteen hours still showed eight hundred kilowatts, while the voltshad dropped to seventy as the result of decreased internal resistancedue to the formation of graphite. When colthtihe furnace was opened andnine hundred and sixty-two pounds of soft, unetuous, and min-coalescinggraphite were removed from the active zone.

As the carbid-forming material I prefer to use silica or a mixtureconsisting largely of silica, for the reason that oxids which form tluidcarbids are more or less ditlicult of treatment in an electric furnace.I do not limit 4 myself, however, to the use of silica or to the use ofmixture consisting largely ofsilica. The natural ash of the coalcontains more or less alumina, and I have found it satisfactory toconsider this alumina as the equivalent of an equal amount of silica. Inpractice I determine the carbon content of the mixture and treat theremainder, regardless of its nature, as silica or carbid-forming ash.

I do not limit myself to t he specific proportions given in theforegoing example, as I have found that these may be considerably variedand still yield a satisfactory product having the essentialcharacteristics above stated. I believe it to be essential, however,that the carbid'formiug ingredient sltould be in excess of twent y percent .,by,weight of t he charge, but in lessthan the theoretical propi:r-

I tion required for the .product ion of a eat-bid,

and I prefer that the carhid-forming material should constituteapproximately thirt to forty-five per cent., by weight, of the charge.

I claim-- 1. The method of making soft unctuous and non-coalescinggraphite, which consists in heating in an electric furnace a chargecomprising, essentially, carbonaceous material and carhid-formingmaterial, said carbidforming material being in excess of twenty percent. by weight of the charge, but in less than the theoreticalproportion required for the production of a carbid.

2. The method of making soft unctuous and non-coalescing gra h ite,which consists in heating in an electric urnace a charge comprising,essentially, carbonaceous material and carbid-forming material, saidcarbidforming material being in' the proportion of thirty to forty-fiveper cent. by weight of the charge.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWA RD GUUDRIOH Mill IISON Vlitnesscs:

il. 13. BooiNE, FRANK N. (Ion.

